The study of children's perceptions of family events has led to increased understanding of their reactions to such events at both theoretical (e.g., Davies & Cummings, 1994; Grych & Fincham, 1990) and empirical levels (e.g., Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992; Kurdek & Berg, 1987; Mazur, Wolchik, & Sandier, 1992).
Author of Tool:
Fincham, F.D., Beach, S.R., Arias, I., & Brody, G.
Guided by Grych and Fincham's theoretical framework for investigating the relation between interparental conflict and child adjustment, The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC) was developed to assess children's views of several aspects of marital conflict.
In both Britain and the United States, the majority of the problems for which people obtain professional help concern their spouse or partner (McAllister, 1995; Veroff, Kulka, & Douvan, 1981), and the deleterious effects of marital problems on physical and mental health are well documented (e.g., Burman & Margolin,
Distressed spouses are hypothesised to make attributions for negative events that accentuate their impact whereas non-distressed spouses are thought to make attributions that minimise the impact of negative events. The Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM) is a simple measure of difference types of attribution behaviour in spousal relationships.
The exponential growth of research on forgiveness reflects, in part, its presumed beneficial effects on relationship well-being, an idea reinforced by the fact that spouses themselves rate the seeking and granting of forgiveness as important for marital longevity and marital satisfaction (Fenell, 1993).
The clinical diagnostic criteria for the Narcissistic Personality Disorder (DSM-III) (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) stimulated the interest of personality psychologists in the normal range of individual differences innarcissistic tendencies (Emmons, 1987; Raskin & Terry, 1988; Wink &Gough, 1990). The fundamental distinction between overt and covert narcissism in the normal range of individual differences are the constructs of the Maladaptive Covert Narcissism Scale (MCNS).
With 5.3 million incidents of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women each year, and 3.2 million against men, IPV is a substantial public health problem in the United States. This violence results in nearly 2.0 million injuries and 1,300 deaths annually (Centers for Disease Control, 2007). In addition to the human suffering caused and the untold intangible costs, it is estimated that the economic costs of IPV amount to $5.8 billion each year (Arias & Corso, 2005). This is why it is so important to further study this issue.
The Perceived Social Inequality Scale for women (PSIS-W) is grounded in the theoretical framework of relative deprivation theory (a more specified variant of social comparison theory) which states that discontent results from recognition of an unfair discrepancy between one's own situation and that of others. Factor analyses of the PSIS-W conducted with samples of college women indicated the presence of six factors: Multiple Roles, Career Competence, Career Encouragement, Physical Appearance, Harassment/Assault, and Academic Role Models.
The issue of how an activist identity develops is one of the core issues in social psychology and social movement research. Because of problems in the measurement of individuals' propensities to engage in social action, however, findings in this area are often equivocal, and cross-study comparisons and conclusions are difficult to draw. Hence authors developed the Activism Orientation Scale (AOS) to assess individuals' propensities to engage in social action.
The Body Parts Dissatisfaction Scale (BPDS) to assess bodily discontent in a manner that we believed might be more sensitive to middle-school girls’ experiences of their bodies. In particular, we sought use of a measure that lists body parts in concrete terms but does not prompt responses along a satisfaction–dissatisfaction continuum, as is common among measures of this type.
Author of Tool:
Corning, A. F., Gondoli, D. M., Bucchianeri, M. M., & Blodgett-Salafia, E. H.
